884 resultados para Deficiência de vitamina E


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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INTRODUÇÃO: Hipovitaminose D é bem documentada em pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC). Espera-se níveis inferiores em habitantes de regiões não tropicais em relação aos habitantes de regiões tropicais, pela inferição de uma maior exposição solar e maior produção de vitamina D. OBJETIVO: Analisar os níveis séricos de vitamina D, como 25-hidroxivitamina D - 25(OH)D, de 125 pacientes brasileiros portadores de DRC em fase pré-dialítica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 125 pacientes (57,4 ± 16,2 anos, 78 brancos e 55,2% homens), com creatinina de 2,67 ± 1,73 mg/dL e o clearance estimado 43,7 ± 34,5 mL/min. O índice de massa corporal era de 27,4 ± 4,7 kg/m² e a circunferência abdominal de 95,0 ± 14,0 cm. O cálcio era de 9,3 ± 0,6 mg/dL, o paratormônio intacto (PTHi) 212,6 ± 221,2 pg/mL e a albumina sérica 4,2 ± 0,6 g/dL. A média de 25(OH)D era de 23,9 ± 10,7 ng/mL. RESULTADOS: Dos 125 pacientes, 92 (72,6%) apresentavam níveis de 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, sendo que 65 (52%) apresentavam insuficiência (15-29 ng/mL); 27 (21,5%) apresentavam deficiência (5-14 ng/mL) e apenas um paciente apresentava deficiência severa < 5 ng/mL. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os níveis de 25(OH)D nos pacientes estratificados quanto ao estágio de DRC. Os níveis de 25(OH)D foram maiores nos homens (38,1 ± 20,6 versus 22,4 ± 9,7 ng/ml; p < 0,0001), havendo também uma correlação inversa entre os níveis de 25(OH)D e de PTHi, proteinúria e circunferência abdominal, e uma correlação positiva entre 25(OH)D e cálcio total e albumina sérica. Na análise multivariada, encontrou-se apenas correlação inversa entre 25(OH)D e circunferência abdominal e PTHi. CONCLUSÃO: A despeito de a população do Brasil estar em um clima tropical, a maioria dos pacientes analisados apresentou níveis séricos subótimos de vitamina D, podendo este achado estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de hiperparatireoidismo.

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A sepse é uma condição de elevada letalidade muito frequente em pacientes graves e pode estar associada à deficiência de vitamina B1 ou tiamina. Sendo a tiamina fundamental para produção de energia, restauração do poder redutor e síntese de ribose e desoxirribose celulares, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da deficiência de tiamina sobre a resposta inflamatória, através da medida de interleucinas, o estresse oxidante, pela determinação do 4-hidróxi 2-nonenal (4-HNE) um produto de peroxidação de lipídeos de membrana e a migração celular em modelo experimental de sepse. Em um primeiro experimento foi determinada a concentração de pirofosfato de tiamina (PPT) no sangue de camundongos c57bl6 alimentados com ração completa e com ração deficiente em tiamina, para determinação do tempo necessário para a indução de deficiência dessa vitamina. Em um segundo experimento foi utilizada a ligadura e perfuração cecal (CLP) como modelo de sepse em quatro grupos: SHAM ração completa, SHAM ração deficiente em tiamina, CLP ração completa, CLP ração deficiente em tiamina. As concentrações de PPT no sangue foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As dosagens séricas e no líquido peritoneal de TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, KC e MCP-1/CCL2 foram realizadas por ELISA. O nível de 4-hidroxi,2-nonenal (4-HNE) no fígado foi avaliado por Western Blot. Contagem de leucócitos no sangue e no líquido peritoneal foi feita por microscopia óptica. Foi avaliada a concentração de bactérias no líquido peritoneal. Nos animais alimentados com ração completa a concentração média de PPT foi 303 42,6 nM, e a deficiência de tiamina foi induzida após 10 dias de ingestão da ração pobre em tiamina, quando observou-se concentração de 12,5 2,4 nM. No lavado peritoneal dos animais submetidos à CLP e privados de tiamina observou-se nível significativamente maior de TNF-α e MCP-1. A IL-1β foi menor no sangue do mesmo grupo. A expressão de 4-HNE foi maior nos grupos privados de tiamina. Quanto à celularidade sanguínea, observou-se apenas maior contagem de mononucleares no grupo submetido à CLP e privado de tiamina. No líquido peritoneal, a contagem de leucócitos totais, mononuleares e monócitos foi mais elevada nos grupos CLP, mas sem relação com o tipo de dieta. No entanto, no líquido peritoneal o grupo CLP deficiente em tiamina revelou população bacteriana significativamente menor que o grupo alimentado com ração completa e os grupos sham. Concluiu-se que a deficiência de tiamina associou-se com aumento da morte bacteriana na cavidade peritoneal, aumento do estresse oxidante, e mudanças na resposta inflamatória. Palavras-chave: Tiamina. Sepse. Estresse oxidante. Inflamação. Modelo de sepse.A sepse é uma condição de elevada letalidade muito frequente em pacientes graves e pode estar associada à deficiência de vitamina B1 ou tiamina. Sendo a tiamina fundamental para produção de energia, restauração do poder redutor e síntese de ribose e desoxirribose celulares, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da deficiência de tiamina sobre a resposta inflamatória, através da medida de interleucinas, o estresse oxidante, pela determinação do 4-hidróxi 2-nonenal (4-HNE) um produto de peroxidação de lipídeos de membrana e a migração celular em modelo experimental de sepse. Em um primeiro experimento foi determinada a concentração de pirofosfato de tiamina (PPT) no sangue de camundongos c57bl6 alimentados com ração completa e com ração deficiente em tiamina, para determinação do tempo necessário para a indução de deficiência dessa vitamina. Em um segundo experimento foi utilizada a ligadura e perfuração cecal (CLP) como modelo de sepse em quatro grupos: SHAM ração completa, SHAM ração deficiente em tiamina, CLP ração completa, CLP ração deficiente em tiamina. As concentrações de PPT no sangue foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. As dosagens séricas e no líquido peritoneal de TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, KC e MCP-1/CCL2 foram realizadas por ELISA. O nível de 4-hidroxi,2-nonenal (4-HNE) no fígado foi avaliado por Western Blot. Contagem de leucócitos no sangue e no líquido peritoneal foi feita por microscopia óptica. Foi avaliada a concentração de bactérias no líquido peritoneal. Nos animais alimentados com ração completa a concentração média de PPT foi 303 42,6 nM, e a deficiência de tiamina foi induzida após 10 dias de ingestão da ração pobre em tiamina, quando observou-se concentração de 12,5 2,4 nM. No lavado peritoneal dos animais submetidos à CLP e privados de tiamina observou-se nível significativamente maior de TNF-α e MCP-1. A IL-1β foi menor no sangue do mesmo grupo. A expressão de 4-HNE foi maior nos grupos privados de tiamina. Quanto à celularidade sanguínea, observou-se apenas maior contagem de mononucleares no grupo submetido à CLP e privado de tiamina. No líquido peritoneal, a contagem de leucócitos totais, mononuleares e monócitos foi mais elevada nos grupos CLP, mas sem relação com o tipo de dieta. No entanto, no líquido peritoneal o grupo CLP deficiente em tiamina revelou população bacteriana significativamente menor que o grupo alimentado com ração completa e os grupos sham. Concluiu-se que a deficiência de tiamina associou-se com aumento da morte bacteriana na cavidade peritoneal, aumento do estresse oxidante, e mudanças na resposta inflamatória.

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The vitamins A and E are recognizably important in the initial stages of life and the newborn depends on nutritional adequacy of breast milk to meet their needs. These vitamins share routes of transport to the tissues and antagonistic effects have been observed in animals after supplementation with vitamin A. This study aimed to verify the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin A megadose (200,000 UI) in the immediate post-partum on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum. Healthy parturient women attended at a public maternity natalensis were recruited for the study and divided into two groups: control (n = 37) and supplemented (n = 36). Blood samples of colostrum and milk were collected until 12 hours after delivery. The women of the supplemented group was administered a retynil palmitate capsule and 24 hours after the first collection was obtained the 2nd sample of colostrum in two groups for analysis of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in milk. The mean retinol concentration of 50,7 ± 14,4 μg/dL (Mean ± standard deviation) and alpha-tocopherol of 1217.4 ± 959 mg/dL in the serum indicate the nutritional status biochemical appropriate. Supplementation with retynil palmitate resulted in increase not only retinol levels in the colostrum of the supplemented group (p = 0.002), but also the concentration of alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.04), changing from 1456.6 ± 1095.8 mg/dL to 1804.3 ± 1432.0 mg/dL (milk 0 and 24 respectively) compared to values in the control group, 984.6 ± 750.0 mg/dL and 1175.0 ± 730.8 mg/dL. The women had different responses to supplementation, influenced by baseline levels of retinol in colostrum. Those with previous by low levels of retinol in colostrum (<60 mg/dL) had increased the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in milk, whereas those with adequate levels (> 60 mg/dL), showed a reduction after supplementation. Supplementation with retinol palmitate is an important intervention in situations of high risk for vitamin A deficiency, when considering the need to maternal supplementation, since the excess vitamin can offer unfavorable interactions between nutrients essential for the mother-child group

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Nutritional status is an important determinant to the response against Leishmania infection, although few studies have characterized the molecular basis for the association found between malnutrition and the disease. Vitamin A supplementation has long been used in developing countries to prevent mortality by diarrheal and respiratory diseases, but there are no studies on the role of vitamin A in Leishmania infection, although we and others have found vitamin A deficiency in visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Regulatory T cells are induced in vitro by vitamin A metabolites and are considered important cells implicated T CD4+ cell suppression in human VL. This work aimed to examine the correlation of nutritional status and the effect of vitamin A in the response against Leishmania infantum infection. A total of 179 children were studied: 31 had active VL, 33 VL history, 44 were DTH+ and 71 were DTH- and had negative antibody to Leishmania (DTH-/Ac-). Peripheral blood monuclear cells were isolated in a subgroup of 10 active VL and 16 DTH-/Ac- children and cultivated for 20h under 5 different conditions: 1) Medium, 2) Soluble promastigote L. infantum antigens (SLA), 3) All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 4) SLA + ATRA and 5) Concanavalin A. T CD4+CD25highFoxp3+, T CD4+CD25-Foxp3- and CD14+ monocytes were stained and studied by flow cytometry for IL-10, TGF-β and IL-17 production. Nutritional status was compromised in VL children, which presented lower BMI/Age and retinol concentrations when compared to healthy controls. We found a negative correlation between nutritional status (measured by BMI/Age and serum retinol) and anti-Leishmania antibodies and acute phase proteins. There was no correlation between nutritional status and parasite load. ATRA presented a dual effect in Treg cells and monocytes: In healthy children (DTH-/Ac-), it induced a regulatory response, increasing IL-10 and TGF-β production; in VL children it modulated the immune response, preventing increased IL-10 production after SLA stimulation. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between BMI/Age and IL-17 production and negative correlation between serum retinol and IL-10 and TGF-β production in T CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells after SLA stimulus. Our results show a potential dual role of vitamin A in the immune system: improvement of regulatory profile during homeostasis and down modulation of IL-10 in Treg cells and monocytes during symptomatic VL. Therefore, the use of vitamin A concomitant to VL therapy might improve recovery from disease status in Leishmania infantum infection

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The Vitamin E consists of eight chemically homologous forms, designated alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols. Biologically, the alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) is the most important. Commercially, are found two types of α-TOH a natural (RRR-alpha-tocopherol) and another synthetic (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol). Both forms are absorbed in the intestine, the liver is a preference in favor of forms 2R, due to transfer protein α-TOH. It has higher affinity to these stereoisomers. Newborns are considered high risk for vitamin E deficiency, mainly premature, these have breast milk as a food source for maintenance of serum α-TOH. Clinical signs such as thrombocytosis, hemolytic anemia, retrolental fibroplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and spinocerebellar degeneration can be found in case of a low intake of α-TOH. Thus, maternal supplementation on postpartum with α-TOH can be an efficient way to increase levels of vitamin E in breast milk and thus the consequently increase the supply of micronutrient for the newborn. However, most studies with vitamin E supplementation have been conducted in animals and little is known about the effect of maternal supplementation in humans, as well as on its efficiency to increase levels of α-TOH in human milk, depending on the shape natural or synthetic. The study included 109 women, divided into three groups: control without supplementation (GC) (n=36), supplemented with natural capsule (GNAT) (n=40) and the synthetic capsule (GSINT) (n=33). Blood samples were collected for determination of maternal nutritional status, and colostrums at initial contact and after 24 hours post-supplementation. Analyses were performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Values of α-TOH in serum below 499.6mg/dL were considered deficient. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey test to confirm the increase of alpha-tocopherol in milk and efficiency of administered capsules. Daily consumption of α-TOH was based on daily intake of 500 mL of colostrum by the newborn and compared with the nutritional requirement for children from 0 to 6 months of age, 4 mg / day. The mothers had mean concentration of serum α-TOH in 1016 ± 52, 1236 ± 51 and 1083 ± 61 mg / dL, in CG, GNAT and GSINT respectively. There were no women with deficiiency. The GC did not change the concentrations of α-TOH in colostrum. While women supplemented with natural and synthetic forms increased concentrations of α-TOH colostrum in 57.6% and 39%, respectively. By comparing supplemented groups, it was observed a significant difference (p=0.04), the natural capsule more efficient than the synthetic, approximately 49.6%. Individually, 21.1% of the women provided below 4mg/day of α-TOH, after supplementation for this index declined4.1%. Thus, maternal supplementation postpartum raised the levels of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum, and increased efficiency was observed with the natural form

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The mothers supplementation of vitamin A in the postpartum comes being a measure of intervention sufficiently used in the combat to the vitamin deficiency. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the mother megadose of vitamin A under the levels of retinol in colostrum of postpartum mothers receiving care at the Januário Cicco Maternity School (MEJC), Natal, RN, as well as analyzing the influence of the maternal nutritional status in the reply to this supplementation. The study it was transversal type, with participation of 91 women in labor divided in group had participated of the study have controlled (44 women) and supplemented group (47 women). In the period of the morning blood and milk had been collected (milk 0h). After that a capsule of retinil palmitate of (200 000 UI or 60 mg) was supplied to the supplemented group. Another aliquot of colostro was after gotten 24h of the first collection (milk 24h). Retinol in milk and serum was quantified through the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. The vitamin ingestion was evaluated by the questionnaire of frequency of alimentary consumption. The levels of serum retinol were 40.6 ± 10.6 and 35.9 ± 10.9 µg/dL in the groups controlled and supplemented, respectively. The women had presented a satisfactory average ingestion of vitamin (1492,4 µgRAE/dia), however with high prevalence of inadequate consumption (23%). Average values of retinol in milk 0h had been found and 24h of 93.5 ± 50.3 µg/dL and 99.1 ± 49.3 µg/dL has the group controlled group, respectively (p>0.05). After the supplementation had a significant increase in the levels of retinol of the supplemented group, being found values of 102.0 ± 56.0 µg/dL and 196.1 ± 74.0 µg/dL for milk 0h and 24h, respectively (p<0.0001). The women in labor presented different answers to the supplementation influenced for the basal levels of retinol in colostrum. It was possible to verify that women with deficient levels of retinol in milk had transferred more retinol to milk 24h than ones with adjusted levels, showing a percentage of reply equivalent to 326.1% and 86.5% of increase, respectively (p< 0.0001). Although the apparent normality found in the serum, the studied women are considered of risk to the development of the vitamin deficiency, and megadose was efficient in first 24h after the supplementation and wakes up with the mechanisms considered for transference of vitamin A to the milk

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The tendency towards reduction of serum retinol levels, an existing placental barrier and the increase of retinol demand, are factors that place puerperal and lactating women at risk for Vitamin A deficiency. This micronutrient is an essential component of vital processes such as differentiation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of palmitate retinol supplementation (100.000UI) upon the milk retinollevels in puerperal women at the Januário Cicco University Maternity Hospital. This intervention has been adopted by the Ministry of Health since 2002. The longitudinal experiment was conducted with 106 puerperal women (68 comprised the supplemented group and 38 the control group). The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to dose the retinol of the milk and serum samples, and the creamtocrit method to determine the milk fat levels. The retinol means for the colostrums were 99.0 ± 64.4 ug/dL and 160.1 ± 94,4 ug/dl 6 hours afier supplementation; 68.9 ± 33.5 ug/dL for the transitional milk, and 30.6 ± 15.2 ug/dL for the mature milk of the supplemented group. Ali the difterences between means were statistically significant. The difterence between retinol means in the control group were also significant, with these being greater in the colostrum, 88.6 ± 62.1 ug/dL with 61.9 ± 30.1 ug/dl in the transition milk and 32.9 ±32.9 ± 17.6 ug/dL in the mature milk. No significant difference was observed in the retinol means of the three types ot milk in the supplemented group when compared to their respective means in the control group. The prevalence in serum (35.1 % and 81.1 % for the cutting point 20 ug/dL, respectively) and in milk (51.4%) revealed vitamin A deficiency as a public health problem. COlostrum, transition, and mature milk tats varied similarly in the supplemented group (1,92 ± 0,96; 3,25 ± 1,27 and 3,31 ± 1,36 grams) and in the control group (1,87 ± 1,14; 3,25 ± 1,31 and 3,36 ± 1,67 grams), with an observed difference between the colostrum/transition milk and the colostrum/mature milk fats. No difference was observed between the groups. The study showed that the 200.000UI supplementation was not sufficient to increase the milk retinol to the desired levels nor to meet the demands of the mothers with deprived hepatic reserves. It is suggested that another similar dose be offered within 30 days or less, and within 2 months post-partum, while continual/y monitoring for possible pregnancy

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)